IT specialist today

Today all the sites with vacancies are full of announcements about the search for IT specialists. Who are they that are part of their duties and is it worth going to receive the profession of an IT specialist? Who is an IT specialist?

Information technologies, which reduce as IT, cover all the big areas of activity, because without a computer today, almost no business. Therefore, specialists in IT-technologies are required not only in Internet agencies, but also in commercial, banking, manufacturing and service enterprises.

The market of information technologies is growing rapidly, mobile devices are added to personal computers, and they need a special product, the problem of information security is growing, the sphere of consumers of various Internet services is expanding and all this is built on IT technologies. The personnel hunger of this sphere is still very far from saturation, while new specialists are required, with special skills and knowledge. It is no longer enough to be able to program or create sites, the industry needs new specialists.

Descriptions of vacancies are full of neologisms, which can be difficult to understand the meaning. Who needs employers and what duties will IT professionals have to fulfill? The list of the most popular employees looks like this:

• JavaScript programmer.
• content manager.
• project manager.
• application developers.

The sphere of IT-technologies shows stable growth, despite any financial crises. And in this sphere the highest salary growth is observed, therefore, employees with knowledge and skills in the field of information technologies will not remain without work in the near future.

However, choosing today the profession of an IT specialist for education, it is necessary to understand that the times when any computer-savvy person was in demand has passed. Today, the industry wants specialists with unique skills and knowledge, preferably in several issues at the same time. For example, a programmer and a 3D designer, project manager and layout designer, etc.

Also, the industry wants to receive professionals who can perform the latest duties, for example, create products for smartphones or work with highly loaded sites. Great prospects open up social media, so for a while SMM managers, IT evangelists, content managers will be required.

The number of requests for specialists in the field of data processing and analysis is growing, so the Big Data field (large data and business analytics) is a promising area for training and retraining. Also, the field of information technology needs specialists who are ready to work with AR (augmented reality), on specific platforms and cross-platform products. A great perspective is opened by IT-technologies for Internet marketing specialists.

Well, now let's go through the top list of professions that are needed right now (today and tomorrow that is).

Javascript-programmer - this profession, will allow not only to realize all your creative potential, but also will provide you a solid income. With this language, you can turn "lifeless" Internet pages into full-featured web applications, accelerate user interaction with the site and reduce the load on the server. On how well the Javascript programmer will perform its work, the success of the web project depends to a large extent. Wide outlook and understanding of the user's needs are one of the main requirements for a specialist in this profession!

Thanks to the creative approach and the large number of ready-made libraries / solutions that are always at hand, writing code will never turn into a routine, as Javascript and its tools always evolve and usually take all the "dirty" work on oneself, and you just have to concentrate On the embodiment of their ideas. Given the wide distribution of this language, you can safely say that a specialist Javascript, without work will not remain. Trends in the development of Internet technologies are such that in the future the popularity of the profession of Javascript programmer will only grow.

In addition to knowing Javascript itself, a specialist needs to have experience with frameworks: jQuery, AngularJS, Backbone, etc. Knowledge of libraries, for example, jQuery, greatly facilitates life, and allows you to solve the tasks in a faster and more efficient way.

Javascript is also a prototype-oriented programming language, but you also need knowledge of the principles of object-oriented programming. OOP in Javascript is somewhat different from languages with classical OOP, but the basic principles: inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism also work, albeit in a modified form.

It is also important to have excellent knowledge of HTML and CSS, as you will have to interact with the HTML page, dynamically changing its structure. Many employers combine the duties of a Javascript programmer with the functions of a layout designer, so you need to know the basics of markup of web pages in any case.

Programming is divided into the so-called front-end and back-end. If you get rid of unnecessary details, most of the Javascript vacancies are front-end, and on this work you will create scripts for the client part, that is, those that do not "touch" the server part, but are executed in the user's browser. The interfaces you write will facilitate the work with the site for a person: for example, clicking the "mouse" will send the goods to the shopping cart, launch the video in a new window, open a chat with the support staff and so on. The front-end of the site, as a shop window, the brighter and more attractive it is, the more customers your "store" will attract, so the Javascript of specialists conducts a real hunt among employers.

Back-end, in turn, involves working with the server part. Javascript is used here less often and in a slightly modified form: Node.js. The main languages for the back end are PHP, Python, Ruby, Perl. The code written by you will receive information from the front end and process it already with server capacities, and not with the user's computer. Backend programming is closely related to databases, so these jobs require knowledge of SQL and most likely Unix systems that serve as the basis for servers.

The content manager's profession appeared almost simultaneously with the first site and now has become one of the most popular in the Internet industry. Almost any site needs an expert in its support and development. Jobs and positions of such professionals may be called: content manager, site administrator or webmaster.

The content manager publishes articles or news on the site, places photographs, corrects errors, participates in SEO-promotion, and sometimes he writes articles, reviews and interviews. The complete stack of tasks depends on the wishes of the particular employer.

Perspective of the profession is that in the process of working as a content manager you can get a wide range of experience in the field of Internet technologies and choose for yourself something more interesting and serious for career growth.

Content managers need a lot of Internet projects and companies: information sites, media, online stores, SEO-studios, advertising agencies and especially large, visited sites and Internet agencies.

In ancient times, all the "content" was created by writers and speakers. In the 19th and 20th centuries the printing and printing business was booming, books, newspapers, magazines were actively published, and the demand for information processing specialists was greatly increased. The popularity of the position of the content manager was received after the appearance of the Internet.

The job responsibilities of the content manager include:

• entering and editing information on the site:
• working with graphics;
• placement of video content;
• make-up of articles;
• writing articles, news, announcements and other content;
• search and collection of information for writing texts;
• elimination of simple errors on the site and a description of complex problems;
• control the correct operation of the site;
• communication with visitors to the site.

Almost always, what the content manager does depends on the specifics of the employer, so the duties may include:

• work with freelancers or in-house specialists;
• imposition and rendering of polygraphy (leaflets, booklets, business cards, etc.);
• management and development of Facebook;
• maintenance of mailing;
• placement and management of Internet advertising.
• And much more.

Requirements for the content manager consist of the following basic skills:

• Strong PC using skills;
• Basic knowledge of HTML, CSS;
• High literacy (ability to write without errors);
• Ability to process images for the site;
• Perseverance (ability to perform monotonous work);
• High speed printing;
• Carefulness and care;
• Ability to work with a large amount of information.

Desirable requirements for the content manager may include:

• Knowledge of Photoshop, Corel Draw and other graphics packages;
• Understanding the principles of search engine optimization (SEO);
• Knowledge of the statistics of attendance of Google Analytics;
• Experience in conducting contextual advertising.

Project Manager is a specialist whose main task is to manage the project as a whole: designing and prioritizing, scheduling tasks, monitoring, communication, and prompt problem solving.

Project Manager is a non-technical post, but most Project Manager in IT are former developers or testers.

The main responsibility and responsibility of Project Manager is to bring the customer's idea to realization in a timely manner, using existing resources. As part of this Project Manager task, you need to build a development plan, organize a team, customize the project workflow, provide feedback between teams and the customer, eliminate interference to teams, monitor the quality and delivery of the product on time.

Project Manager tasks can be classified as tactical and strategic. Tactical - this is a solution to everyday project problems, removing obstacles from the team path. Strategic are to coordinate the overall goal of the project, the path to it, and the speed of movement.

On the other hand, Project Manager tasks can be grouped into 3 groups:

• achievement of the project and client's goals (effective implementation of the task, ensuring a high level of customer satisfaction);
• achievement of the goals of the authorities and the company (financial indicators);
• achievement of the goals of the team members (motivation, assistance in the implementation of career goals, conflict prevention).

"The main statement of the task for PM:" We need this to work, "which means that the team will deliver the result within a reasonable time with a reasonable level of quality."

Responsibilities of PM:

• project documentation;
• drawing up a project plan;
• agreement on terms;
• analysis of possible risks;
• participation in the selection and approval of the project team;
• breakdown of the product into components and distribution to the contractors;
• determining the required resources and working environment, their distribution within the team;
• setting the work process in the team (development, testing, work with requirements);
• prioritization of tasks;
• organization of team work around the required task;
• tracking the status of the project, the progress of tasks;
• tracking the proper priority of tasks;
• tracking the load tasks and progress on the tasks of each developer;
• tracking the timing of tasks;
• keeping the team in working order, motivation of the team;
• creating a transparent communication environment between all participants in the process;
• tracking the satisfaction of the project by the team;
• the solution of all sorts of conflict situations within the team and in conjunction with the customer-team;
• communication with the customer, managing his expectations;
• providing the customer with reports on the progress of the tasks and the project as a whole;
• presentation to the customer of ready solutions, demo versions, prototypes;
• interviewing new team members.

In small Project Manager companies, sometimes it is necessary to include the work of other specialists in their duties: requirements management (analyst work), personnel management, hiring and recruiting (HR department work), office solution.

The Project Manager can be divided into 5 modes:

• Design a new product or some new functionality. At this stage, the PM organizes a rally with the technical architect and developers, announces the tasks that they are to solve. As a result, the team determines the path by which the development will go.
• Planning. At this stage, it is important to take into account all the factors that affect the development process, including the qualifications of employees and associated risks, dependence on third-party services, bugfixation.
• Control. "A daily multiple action that Project Manager needs to understand what is happening in the project. You must always keep your hand on the pulse. "
• Prompt decision of arising problems.
• Communication with the customer, team, accompanying employees at all stages of project development.

A typical working day for Project Manager involves:

• Scheduling the task queue for the current day;
• Checking the work done by teams for the past day;
• Holding a stand with the team;
• Communication with the customer via email, Skype, phone, rallies;
• Work with documentation, reporting;
• Monitoring the performance of tasks;
• Solving various current problems.

As the Bible on the classic responsibilities of the Project Manager, the PMBOK book - a set of project management knowledge - is reviewed.

Advantages and disadvantages

The position of Project Manager attracts applicants the opportunity to closely manage: to make decisions, to organize a quick and high-quality product creation, to provide a working atmosphere in the team, to coordinate and monitor the actions of developers.

For disadvantages Project Managers the work in the style of non-stop: irregular work schedule, a permanent prospect of overtime, the need for response and urgent tasks in the off hours, as well as stressful work. Another disadvantage is the high responsibility even in cases of insufficient level of influence on the result.

The main qualities of the Project Manager are good knowledge of the subject area of ​​the business, leadership qualities, experience in working with people, presentation and persuasion skills, the ability to negotiate and take into account the interests of different groups of people, the ability to politely and clearly express thoughts in many languages, as well as the ability to collect the big picture On disparate facts. We also need experience in planning, assessing and eliminating risks, knowledge of flexible and classical development processes and the ability to perform administrative tasks and create a team. It will be a plus experience in development or testing.

Career path to the position of the Project Manager specialist who previously worked in IT, looks like this: Developer (tester) -> Lead developer (tester) -> Project Manager.

A mobile developer is a specialist who develops software applications for various mobile devices: tablets, smartphones. The profession at the moment is the most fashionable, promising and in demand. After all, it was in the field of mobile development that such interesting novelties as voice and gesture interface appeared.

In the job market there is an acute shortage of specialists in this field. And in the future the situation will only get worse, as the modern world can not be imagined without mobile devices, which are used not only by advanced youth, but also by all segments of the population. An increasing number of people go online from mobile devices. A person of the future does not want to be tied to the office with his heavy computer equipment, when there is a real opportunity to solve any issues with the help of mobile devices literally on the go. A lot of computer programs relocated to mobile devices and successfully functions there. And in the future their "mobilization" will only increase.

Now is the most suitable time for mastering this profession. Moreover, for beginners, no special training is required. There is enough interest in mobile applications and the desire to learn in order to master this promising and highly paid profession. The advantage and uniqueness of the mobile developer's profession is that everything depends on you: having an initially good idea and correctly implementing it into the world of mobile technologies, without investing resources, you can create an international project similar to Instagram and become a millionaire in the shortest possible time.

Mobile applications are extremely popular among entrepreneurs of different levels. If the application is up-to-date, convenient to use, functionally and solves important user problems, it significantly increases the number of customers and increases the profit of the business.

The functional responsibilities of the mobile developer at the moment are not clearly defined due to the youth of the profession. He also has to be a designer, a coder, a programmer. And in general, the mobile developer's activities can be divided into several stages:

• the preparatory period in the creation of the application - the definition of specific requirements of the customer in the form of a technical assignment;
• creating a mobile application that combines such mandatory features as reliable operation on one of the mobile operating platforms (Apple iOS, Google Android, Windows Mobile), user-friendly interface, multifunctionality, profitability for the customer.

Pluses

Highly paid, very demanded profession.

The clarity of standards and guidelines make it much easier to design part of the mobile developer's work. The interface is a detailed description of the elements in mobile applications, and for each platform they are their own.

The investment of resources for mobile development is small.

Minuses

The policy of companies that manufacture mobile devices does not allow the developer to quickly amend the application, since any action is checked by employees of the company. So, Apple is checking out any updates within a week.

Muddiness of users to the design and functionality of the application delivers many unpleasant moments.

Place of work

In the IT sphere, there are no boundaries for a long time. You can work without leaving home for any transnational company in the world or private business. The work of a mobile developer can be found on freelance exchanges, on job sites. And you can create your own business to develop mobile applications.

Important qualities

One of the most important qualities of a mobile developer is the ability to react constructively to criticism of users who leave their feedback about the work of applications on Google Play and the App Store. After all, negative feedback is not always aimed at offending the developer. As a rule, they indicate some specific problems in the mobile application and the developer should solve them.

Necessary personal qualities:

• analytical mind;
• attention to detail;
• high efficiency;
• ability to plan and observe deadlines;
• striving to improve professional skills;
• exploring new technologies for mobile operating systems.

Professional skills and knowledge

• Knowledge of programming languages:
• Apple iOS - Objectiv-C, Swift
• Google Android - Java, Scala
• Windows Mobile - C #, VB.NET;
• Ability to create applications for Android, iOS, Windows Mobile;
• debugging applications;
• Knowledge of the basics of programming for the iPhone and iPad;
• knowledge of new technology libraries
• for iOS - Siri, for Android - "OK, Google";
• working with the SQLite database.

At the end of the article. It may seem that all these professions are not suitable for our market, as they spend a lot of money in large companies, which in Estonia simply do not exist. But this is not so. Firstly, we have large companies, but for inattentive readers I will remind you that IT specialists are needed not only in classical IT companies, they are now needed everywhere, everywhere. And secondly, the very specifics of the IT specialist, even the Project Manager assumes that it will be possible to work, for example, on an English or American giant without leaving home (just for the sake of interest go to the same official Blizzard website and open a section of the vacancy there - for Those who do not know - they make the Warcraft !!!).

Good luck to us!

Copyright laws and pirate party

Yes. The Pirate Party are trying to do the right things. I absolutely agree with their program, but there is nothing they can do because the competitor is too strong. 

So. Because i can not give anything new to the program i will give a good example of the not far away future and some real information of that what is exactly going on. Enjoy!!!

Dostoevsky ... 2118 ... - Read what we are rolling

- Dad, can I take off your card 99 bucks? For the book you have to pay ...-

- And, what kind of book?

- Well, this one. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment".

- So why buy it. We have the same.

- Yes? And in which file?

- Why  the files. Here he is, standing on the shelf ...

- Fu-uuu. This is a paper book!

- Well, so what? Well I was your age read it.

- At your age, your age ... There's no search. How do you think, will find quotes? Audio support is not here. Animated images are not.

Only the text in which even the font and can not be changed ... You what? I am also in school all laughed! a read himself.

- Well, okay. Here, take the DVD. About fifteen years ago I bought it.

- What? DVD? And than I am this antiques, do you think I'll read? At the Polytechnic Museum, hand it over. You even offered me a punched tape with Dostoevsky!

- If you're so clever, then look for yourself on the net, and download it for free.

- Free download book !?

- Well, yes. And how else? On Dostoevsky's book for a long time ago, copyrights do not spread ... Certainly, somewhere it lies.

"You, that's Dad!" It may be you, at the beginning of the century, you can download all the stuff. Have not you heard that for five years already, how copyrights to all books are forever transferred to the American Publishers Association of Books. Or do you want me to be sent to prison as a member of Dmitry Sklyarov's sect for life?

- So, Dostoevsky is not an American! And here the American publishers.

- And who cares? You, Dad, are not the case an anti-globalist?

- No, you! Well, sonny, it's a pity to spend almost 100 dollars per file. Well, classmates better ask you to give this file. They just have it. And you'll give them your own file later.

- Aha! If they give me their Dostoevsky, then where will I read it?

"I mean, where?" They have their own copy at home, and you're yours.

- Well, you are completely behind. The book can only be read from the computer from which it was bought. And the polarization code there will be different ... In short, Dad, give me money!

I'll buy myself a normal book.

- Well, okay. Here, you have a one-time password for withdrawing 99 bucks from our account. In our time, $ 100 was a lot of money ...

- OK. Downloaded. Thanks.

- Well, let me see ... Listen, son, what are these pictures?

This seems to be in the novel was not ...

- Duc, the same banners. No banners book worth 699 bucks.

Open the file was gay flashing ads: "Axe Proffessional, 2018 - modern laser sharpening axes"; "Beauty Shop" We Lizanka '- we will not let you turn into an old woman "; "Crucify problems Psychological service trust 'Porphyry'?"; "Crediting, we cashed LOW percentage."; 

"RASKOLNIKOFF.COM - playful challenge to old ladies in anywhere in the world" ...

- Listen, my son, and it is the text of the novel can not see? Wait what-if necessary while banners disappear?

"Well, you seem to have fallen off the moon!" You will wait a hundred years. The text should be read through polarization glasses. Without glasses, only advertising is visible!

- And this is why?

- What do you mean why? So that no one but a paid one could read a book! Estimate, if I bought a book, and someone, without buying anything, could read it over my shoulder too ...

- Some kind of stupidity. Well, but if I had the same glasses I would wear?

- Ha, well, you give! The file is configured only for my glasses. On the other glasses, another polarization code.

- Okay, well, give me your glasses. I'll look through the book through them.

"How will you look?" They do not recognize you on the retina. You're in them nothing but the message that you're wearing someone else's glasses you will not see! All right, Dad, do not bother with your stupidities! I need until the license is not over quickly read everything, otherwise it will be necessary either to renew the file or the book itself will be destroyed. Do not interfere, I read ...

3 hours later ...

- Ufff! Well, everything. I read!

- How did I read everything? "Crime and punishment" for three hours ?!

- Well, yes. I would have read more quickly if there were no advertising breaks every half hour.

- I do not believe in anything equal! Who is, for example, Svidrigailov?

- Who-who?

- Ahh, it's all clear. Who is Luzhin? Who is Sonia Marmeladova?

- Well, you give! How do I know! I've read the Home Edition. I only have about how Raskolnikov killed an old woman with an ax, and then surrendered with confession. About everyone else, you need a Professional version to buy or even an Enterprise Edition. We do not have the same amount of money.

- Hmm, it's crazy to go where the world is going!

- I already rolled. Fifteen years ago I had to think, if not earlier ...

It's funny, but you can not be that kind of thing? !!!! It would not be so .....

EU prepares cannibalistic reform of copyright.

The European Commission is considering a draft amendment of European copyright law to eliminate the imbalance between content publishers and large Internet companies. Changes will allow publishers to require royalties from search engines, social networks and news aggregators for the publication of fragments of content.

Publishers will receive exclusive rights to their content.

The European Commission is preparing a draft of a radical copyright reform, the official publication of which, according to The Financial Times, is scheduled for September 2016. Major changes in the new project of European legislators have to do with online content.

The draft of the draft law states that "The stability of the publishing industry of the EU may be at risk, with the risk of further negative consequences for the pluralism of media opinions, democratic debate and the quality of information."

The ultimate goal of the draft law is to provide "exclusive rights to content" to its publishers.

You will have to pay even for fragments.

The updated copyright, according to the Financial Times, will provide content creators with legal conditions under which search engines, social networks and news aggregators will be required to agree with publishers on the conditions for using fragments of their content.

New euro-legislation on copyright protection will allow to require royalties.

With search engines, social networks and news aggregators for publishing content fragments.

According to the members of the European Commission, currently in the field of Internet content there is no legal balance between content publishers and individual large players in such segments as search.

The history of this question.

Internet is based on copying. This statement is true on a purely technical level: at least his world tour portion of the data is copied from the network to the network, and eventually broadcast on the user's device. But it is also true with respect to the way in which people use the Internet: they are always forwarded a copy of the network, whether it is part of the code, or any work entirely.

This is a huge problem, because anything that falls under the definition of copyright, since the establishment of a fixed form automatically becomes the subject of copyright, intellectual monopoly, which gives legal effect to the creator to impose a ban on the copying of their work. Obviously, in this situation, virtually everyone who uses the Internet violates the law more than once a day.

This was not noticed for the first time. Back in 2007, US law professor John Teganenen described copyright infringement as an absolutely routine activity on the Internet in his work "The Nation of Violators: Copyright Reform and the Breach of Norm and Law." According to this work, during the day, the representative in question was violating the copyright of twenty e-mails, three legal articles, an architectural digital model, a verse, five photographs, an animation character, a musical work, a picture and 50 more entries and drawings. In view of the foregoing, he committed at least 83 violations and is liable for $ 12.45 million (not to mention potential criminal liability). If we scale this model of behavior for a year, the responsibility would increase to several billion dollars.

Not all listed violations were made online, and the count was made according to US laws, but the main idea is this: according to modern laws, virtually every Internet user is annually liable for millions of dollars for copyright infringements. This is not just an absurd situation - it is dangerous for society, because it led Internet users - in particular, the younger generation - to complete disregard and even contempt for copyright that is not able to keep pace with the times.

The situation arose from the fact that copyright was developed three hundred years ago, and in the analog world, such creations were rare and copying could be easily detected by the police - it's difficult to hide the printing press. To date, creativity is not an attribute solely of the "creative class": being online, everyone does it all the time by sending messages, uploading videos to YouTube or simply commenting on the article.

Moreover - to stop copying is not just difficult, but it is simply impossible without resorting to full control of the Internet - which, according to an interesting coincidence, is practically already happening, based on the exposures of Edward Snowden.

Ultimately, copyrights are not suitable for the digital age, and what Tegrenin called the "norm / law gap" (what people do and what is written in the law) has become so dramatic that even a slow and excessively prudent European The Commission realized that it was time to do something. But to understand - it was the easiest part, but to agree on exactly how it is necessary to update the existing EU copyright directive "for harmonizing specific aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society", which is dated 2001, is much more complicated.

Real copyright reform is complex because the industries associated with it (publishers, rights holders, etc.) have grown accustomed to the fact that laws always change in their favor, as demonstrated by the repeated extension of the term of ownership, beginning at age 14 In 1710 to the period of the author's life + 70 years in our days. The idea that online users may need (and have the right to do so) in more flexible regulation of digital copyright is anathema to publishers, music and film industries that have resisted every attempt to update laws in these areas.

Resistance to change can be seen in one of the early polemics during the battle, which pertained to the change of copyright for the Internet era. There they discussed the so-called "orphan works" (from English - orphan works). These are works that are still protected by copyright (that is, within the "life + 70 years"), but whose owners can not be found or installed. In the past, this was not a problem: they were not particularly paid attention to and ignored these works - otherwise, the rightholders would exploit their value. In this case, as an example, there is likely no economic benefit in making modern reissues of books, or releasing a new physical copy of the film.

But in the digital age the situation has changed. Digitization of analog works can be quite inexpensive, and the price continues to decline. The ubiquitous spread of the Internet has led to the fact that there are usually people who are interested even in the most inconspicuous orphan works. But despite this, it is impossible to legitimately digitize without the permission of the rightholders. As a result, millions of works of lesser significance, but at the same time very interesting, represent copyright copyrights: although they are not available for purchase, and may not even have an obvious rightholder, they can not at the same time be given a new life by posting them on the Internet, because This will lead to copyright infringement.

It is ironic that the first act of copyright in 1710 proclaimed "Promoting Learning," and right now, mainly because of copyright, people are limited in access to information contained in orphan works.

This issue was submitted for discussion by the European Commission in a document entitled "Public Report on Copyright in the Sphere of Knowledge" in 2008. The author of this document writes: "The problem we faced in large-scale digitization projects is the so-called phenomenon of orphan works," and afterwards concludes: "Most of the participating countries have not yet developed their own approach to regulating the problem of orphan work. The potential international nature of this problem requires a concerted approach. "

The obvious solution was to allow people to digitize orphan works and only then pay the owner if it will have an effect. Thus, to digitize barriers would be eliminated, and if the holders are declared - they receive their payment. But the publishing world is categorically against such an idea. The report of the meeting on orphan works, which took place in October 2009 showed two positions: "Libraries of Internet search and online archival companies (Google, Internet archive) argued for an exception in the law by which free digitization of orphan works would be possible. Publishers, however, consider such a digitization can be carried out only with prior authorization. "

Such an insistent demand of publishers of licensing around will be a stumbling block not only for orphan works, but also for all attempts to modernize copyright. In this context, it is not surprising that when the final version of the directive on ownerless work was adopted in October 2012, it was commented on by the non-governmental organization Knowledge Ecology International as a "missed opportunity."

The Commission began the process of updating the copyright directive from 2001 in December 2012 with a statement that it will organize a "discussion of the vision of content in the digital economy" with the aim of "ensuring the practicality of copyright" in the digital age. A key part of the debate was "a structured dialogue with stakeholders." Details were announced a few weeks later. They included 4 topics for consideration: international access and portability of services; The audiovisual sector and cultural heritage organizations; User-generated content and licensing of protected content for small-scale users; Extraction of text and data. The last two were particularly contradictory.

The main problem was the problem of the wording of the question. Here the Commission explained the situation with the content that users generate:

On average, every minute, people download 72 hours of YouTube videos, over 150,000 photos on Facebook. In some cases, the content generated by users "reuses" existing material (for example remixes, editing of finished materials and home video with the addition of a soundtrack) and therefore often covered by some forms of licensing rightholders who are in partnership with specific sites, but this is not Transparent to the end user. At the same time, small-scale users with great difficulty find out how they can get a license for their material. The purpose of the commission is to stimulate the emergence of a more transparent and understandable system for the use of protected materials. This work should determine the appropriate forms of licensing and ways to improve the information of end users.

As the only obvious "decision", the Commission saw only that which is based on licensing. The idea that non-commercial content generated by a user may not need a license (as an example of an exception, the "fair use" approach in the US) was not considered at all. In a similar manner, the Commission's press release on the mining of text and data says:

Text and Data Extraction (TDM), an automatic research technology for scientific research, requires contracts between users and rightholders to establish technical access to relevant materials. The purpose of the Commission is to ensure the effectiveness of TDM for research purposes. This work should develop solutions such as standard licensing models along with technology platforms to simplify access for TDM.

Until then, people who actually used TDM-all types of researchers, not just scientists-were convinced that they did not need additional licensing because they used to extract data and text to the materials they received legally, for example, through subscription Institutes for scientific publications. Again, the Commission looks at the situation from the point of view of the copyright owner's industries, which implies the need for a new license for each new use of material protected by copyright and, as a rule, additional payment. If you need proof of the starting point of the tendentiousness of the dialogue, you should simply look at its official name: "Licenses for Europe". 

As You all can see - there is nothing the Pirate Party can do about the authors laws. Even the scientific discovery are not opening its patented more than 10 years as well, and should write some little song and you'll have it the right to receive money throughout ypur lifetime and after your death your children will receive royalties for it another 70 years.

This occurs partly because of the scientist will never have a crowd of idiots ... oh .... that is .... of the fans who will be ready to break all of his idol.

10 netiquette rules

I, honestly do not sit on the Net often. But I had a period when I was actively playing online games for a couple of years, and there was a period when I was sitting on the forum, well, a very short period, when Netscape was the best browser, I was chatting russkoeradio.fm (it was the case !! !).

Since the experience is quite small I can not divide it by the points as it broke it Viktoria Shea. But I can bring a couple of funny moments from my Internet life, maybe someone will help!!!

1) For the first time with Internet fraud, I ran into my first online game - The Legend of the Dragons. She then just appeared, there were no more super blue and then things, there were things very expensive green. They could be bought at auction, or "knocked out" from the mobs - a great rarity and great luck, because the money from this thing could be dressed less than your character.

In star, I was lucky. I knocked out a green knuckle. Since I just started playing - I had no idea how much it cost - I put it on and all! As a result, the local swindler asked me in surprise:

"How - you still have not runned it? !!!"

I, I remind full then the newby, even did not know the word!

"No!" - "Let's rune it," "How?" - "Give it to me, I'm just a jeweler by profession, I'll rune it for you" - he really had such a profession.

So... no knuckle for me!!!

Therefore, I can add my own rule - never give your things to anyone without bail! And Generally, the first place to go after knocking out an auction is to know its value !!!

2) All the same scammers - but the level is higher.

The same game is already the second character (yes, I'm persistent, and I tightened it !!!). Already grown - the 6th level of 10, half in green, even the shooting range is (that type is cool). And here in all the chats (they were divided into general, shopping and chat locations, well, private, but there, clearly not written): "Attention residents of FEO (country in the game) - right now - a win-win lottery if you answer all questions Correctly - get a valuable prize. And link.

This is now all clear (to me at least), but then! Wow - lottery is fun. Prize to the same.

Ok, I went. And there the site is designed as official. Everything is as it should be. In the center - the button - "Lottery" - clicked - questions like 10 are not complicated, but suppose the use of the library of the game to answer. And in the end, the simplest question is your e-mail.

I did not see my character any more!!! If anyone is surprised - and where the password was taken - even then it was full of password crackers programs. Whichever password you have (except the password from the pictures) - hack it to a specialist, well, a day. A simple game, all the same nuba .... In short, my password was qwerty!!!

Well, actually rule 2. That's everywhere they write, always, and how much I did not play after that - still someone came across once a month.

NEVER,GIVE YOUR E-MAIL TO ANYBODY, on which a character or game account is registered.

3) I can remember the cool story of how I was the moderator of the chat ....

It was funny. In general, I found another game, there just began to form a third race, well, I registered for it, they gave buns for it and all that. I got into the clan (by the way I advise everyone to always join the clan immediately, but I also do not recommend getting used to the role.) Very often people start to confuse the clan with the family. So. I joined the clan. And it every other day - banyat. The reason - the head was under the article (fraud - money was thrown on the work cell phone via SMS into the game and retired - somehow so). Un.

Well, I do not know, I wanted to - I took and razed the situation by penetrating as a game method, you can quickly lead a new leader without the participation of the head itself, which is understandable, scored for everything, but with admins (and often just the chief moderator).

The clan is saved, everyone is happy, I'm invited to join the Order of Order (clan of moderators). Thought a couple of minutes, well, I decided - and why not actually!

Those who really think that by entering a new character all your previous jambs and violations that you have committed by another character are not visible - in general - and do not expect. Even novice moderator has access to a history of violations of anyone.

Well and so, it is amusing. You see all the languages ​​(as a rule in games different races speak different languages), who did what, who writes what (you can not see the private, but if you complain that you see it - also by the way - keep in mind). In principle, no one really drives. If it refers to both the additional functionality in the game and does not pay attention to the one you banish, then the community stops trying to catch you for something to be able to break the rules of the chat.

It was good experience - positive. But it bothered.

Well, since I started: Item 3 - try to moderate chat - it is very useful, then the habit of breaking is lost.

4) Finally - a sad experience from the forum. About what can create an untwisted forum with an audience of many millions with the fate of a person.

Prehistory is a young woman, works in a bank, knocked a woman with a child on a pedestrian crossing. About this story in mega black tones written on this forum, provided a video. Well, everything - the story in the top, flew on the Runet, a period like this - I'd like to apparently embarrass most people.

The result is that a woman tries to commit suicide in a week, without jokes, without any suicide notes, and wringing her hands, miraculously saved.

The fault itself you say? Especially for sure the major, the wheelbarrow "gave", she herself in the bank "works" and knocks an unhappy woman with a child.

So the majority thought, just reading the title, and glancing at the video. And they began to poison - they found an account in vkontakte, there are addresses, phones, her friends - in general when the crowd is taking charge - it will not seem too little.

And what was in reality. In the bank there are also tellyers working for example, for minimalk - it's just she, the car is a budget second-hand compact car - a loan, watching the video carefully, you can accurately say that the accident was not avoided. Before the pedestrian there was a parked minibus for cargo transportation (that is, without windows), the road was without marking, since only a layer was put new, just a sign, just behind the bus barely visible. Mother with a stroller did not look lazhe did not come out - ran out in front of this minibus directly over the car (I do not know where I hurried, maybe a bus). At the same time, the woman's machine was clearly trying to dodge-that is, there was a turn into the curb, but it's true with the stroller and mother.

Fortunately, the child survived. But there is nothing guilty woman, so experienced the wild stress so it was subjected to the moment of the shock state of the wildest persecution, almost did not bring the accounts with life.

The rule ... Morality ... And there is no it - here - better just in case, read again 10 rules of netiquette.

Rule 1: Remember that you are talking to a person.

The golden rule that you were taught in kindergarten, eh? Do not do to others what you do not want to get from them yourself. Put yourself in the place of the person with whom you speak. Defend your point of view, but do not offend others. In cyberspace they say: remember that you are talking to a person. When you use telecommunications, you are dealing with a computer screen. You can not gesticulate, change the tone, and the expression of your face plays no role. Words, only words - that's all that your interlocutor sees. This also applies to your interlocutor. Supporting the conversation on-line, whether it is via e-mail, or the answer on the forum, it's easy to misinterpret what was written. And to the horror it's easy to forget that your interlocutor is a person who has feelings more or less similar to yours.

And one more reason why you should be polite on the Web. When you contact someone in cyberspace, remember that your words are fixed. Perhaps they will remain where you can not reach. In other words, there is a chance that they will come back and harm you.

Rule 2: Stick to the same standards of conduct as in real life.

In real life, most of us obey the laws, sometimes because of restrictions, sometimes because of fears of being caught. In the virtual space, the chances of being caught are relatively small. People sometimes forget that "behind the screen" is a living person, and they think that the rules of the web are not so strict in the Internet as they are in ordinary life.

This error is understandable, but still it is a delusion. Standards of behavior may differ at different points in the virtual space, however, they are not softer than in real life.

Observe the ethics of communication

Do not believe the one who says: "All ethics here is what you set for yourself." If you are faced with an ethical problem in cyberspace, think about how you would act in real life. Most likely, you will quickly find a solution.

Rule 3: Remember where you are in cyberspace.

Netiquette differs in different parts of the Internet.

What is readily accepted in one environment, it may turn out to be a terrible rudeness in another. For example, in most television talk shows, doing idle chatter is normal. But if you dissolve unsubstantiated rumors in a journalistic environment, it can do you much harm.

Go to a new site for yourself, look around. Some time just follow the conversation or read the archives. Feel how the local "old-timers" behave here. And only then enter into a dialogue.

Rule 4: Respect the time and opportunity of others.

It is generally accepted that today people have much less time than ever before, even though we sleep less, and we have more work-facilitating devices than half a century ago. By sending a letter or answering the forum, you take the time of other people (at least, count on it). And you are responsible for the fact that their time is spent on your posts is not wasted.

You are not the center of cyberspace (not the navel of the Earth).

Probably, this reminder is unnecessary for many users. But I still include it, because such errors are typical for people who have gone to any project with a head. Do not expect that other users will constantly answer your questions or agree with your passionate arguments.

In the old days people used a "carbon paper". With its help, you could get several readable copies. And I had to think carefully and for a long time who should send these several copies.

Today you can send a copy by e-mail to anyone. Sometimes the distribution of their own information is among people's habit. Is it correct? People do not have much time to read messages, given the number of them. Before you send people your letter, think about whether they really need it. If you answer "no" to yourself, it's better not to spend them (and your) time. If you are in doubt, think twice before sending a message.

Rule 5: Keep your face

Take advantage of anonymity

I do not want you to have the impression that the Network is a gloomy and cruel world full of people who are only eager to bring each other to a heart attack. In general, all people want to be loved. On the Web (for example, on forums) you can meet with people whom you would never have met in real life. And neither of these people sees you. Thus, no one will judge you for the color of the skin, eyes, hair, your weight, age or manner of dressing.

However, you will be judged by how you write. For those who are on the web, it matters. Thus, grammar rules play an important role.

Be aware of what you are saying

Understand the content of your letter. When you want to say something like "it seems to me ..." or "I heard that ...", ask yourself - and if you do not check again the correctness of your facts. Unreliable information can cause a whole barrage of emotions on the Web. And if it repeats the second and third time, it can happen, as in the game "spoiled phone": your words will be distorted beyond recognition. (Of course, this can be perceived as advice not to follow your messages, but you are responsible for what you send yourself, and not for what you then did with your words).

In addition, make sure that your messages are clear and logically consistent. You can compose a paragraph of text that will be irreproachable from the point of view of grammar, but completely meaningless. This often happens if you want to convince someone of your rightness, using a variety of complex and long words that you yourself are not very familiar with.

Do not insult users

Finally, be patient and polite. Do not use obscene language, do not go to conflict for the sake of the conflict. Usually, if you think swearing is necessary, then it's better to use funny expressions like "sweet you are mine." You can also use the asterisk, for example "oh you, b **** c!". Such techniques are quite acceptable on the Web. You will avoid unnecessary conflicts, and everyone will understand what you wanted to say.

Rule 6: Help others where you can do it

Finally, after all these negative moments, one good advice.

Why ask questions in the virtual space effectively? Because your questions are read by many people who know the answer to them. And even if the qualified answer only a few people, the total amount of knowledge on the Web will increase. The Internet itself grew out of the desire of scientists to exchange experiences. Gradually, other people were drawn into this fascinating process.

Therefore - participate. After reading long lists of wishes for what you do not need to do, do not be afraid to share your experience.

Especially politely will devote others to the results of your questions. If you feel that there will be many answers to the question asked by you, or when you ask a question on a forum that you visit infrequently, it is worth ordering answers to e-mail instead of the forum. When you get enough answers, summarize the conclusions and write them on the forum. In this case, the experts who have given you time will benefit everyone.

Rule 7: Do not get involved in conflicts and do not allow them

Flames (flames) are emotional remarks, often expressed without consideration of the opinions of other participants in the conversation. These are messages where tact is not the most important thing, and the goal is to trigger user response: "Well, come on, tell me, what are you really thinking about this?"

Does Netiket prohibit flame? Not really. The flame is also an old tradition of the Net (and Netiquette never contradicted the traditions). The flame can be fun for writers and readers alike. And the recipients of the flame often deserve them.

But Netiquette against the flame, growing into wars - a series of vicious messages, which are exchanged, as a rule, two or three participants in the discussion. Such wars can literally capture the forum and ruin the friendly environment. This is unfair to other readers of the forum. And very soon people who do not participate in the discussion get tired of conflicts. In fact, there is an unacceptable monopolization of resources.

Rule 8: Respect confidentiality

You, of course, would never rummage in the drawers of the tables of your colleagues. So you also do not want to read their email. However, unfortunately, not everyone is like you. This topic deserves a separate chapter. Here I will tell only one small story, which is called

The story of the annoying foreign correspondent

In 1993, one foreign correspondent (whose rating was very large) of the Moscow branch of the Los Angeles Times was caught reading e-mails from his colleagues. The latter began to suspect that something was wrong when there appeared in the system records lines indicating the reading of e-mail at a time when the "owners" were not near their computers. Journalists went to the trick. They arranged so that a deliberately false message from another foreign branch of the newspaper came to the newspaper's address. The ill-fated reporter soon asked his colleagues a question about this information and got caught! As a disciplinary punishment, the reporter was immediately transferred to another, not so prestigious place in the Los Angeles Bureau of the newspaper.

Morality: disregard for the privacy of others is not only a sign of bad manners. It can cost you work.

Rule 9: Do not abuse your abilities

Some people in the virtual space feel professional. These are aces in each network game, experts in each office and system administrators on each system.

Possessing more knowledge than other users, or having more powers in their hands, these people automatically gain an advantage. However, this does not mean that they can use it. For example, system administrators should not read private e-mail messages.

Rule 10: Learn to forgive others for their mistakes

Everyone was once a rookie on the Internet. But not everyone has read this book. So when someone makes a mistake - be it a misprint in a word, an inadvertent flame, a stupid question or an unreasonably long answer - be indulgent. Even if your hands itch to respond, think twice. If you have good manners, this does not mean that you have the right to teach these manners to everyone else.

If you decide to draw the attention of the user to his / her error, do it correctly and better not on the forum, but in a private letter. Give people the opportunity to doubt. And do not be arrogant and arrogant. As you know, corrections in the text often also contain grammatical errors; Also, an indication of non-compliance with Netiquette's rules, sometimes, demonstrates a violation of the same Netiquette.